Dot-backed Antbird

The dot-backed antbird (Hylophylax punctulatus) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. == Taxonomy and systematics == The dot-backed antbird is monotypic. It shares genus Hylophylax with the spotted antbird (H. naevioides) and spot-backed antbird (H. naevius). The population in central Brazil south of the Amazon is sometimes treated as subspecies H. p. subochraceous. == Description == The dot-backed antbird is 10 to 11.5 cm (3.9 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 11 to 13 g (0.39 to 0.46 oz). Adult males have a dark rufous-brown crown, nape, and mantle with a white patch between their scapulars. Their back and rump are black with large white feather tips. Their flight feathers are dark brown with wide rufous-brown edges and their wing coverts black with wide white to pale buff tips. Their tail is black with white feather tips. Their face is mostly white; their throat and the lower sides of their neck are black. Their underparts are mostly white with heavy black spots across the breast and along the sides. Their lower belly and undertail coverts have a buffy-olive tinge. "H. p.…