Orange-crowned Euphonia

The orange-crowned euphonia (Euphonia saturata) is a species of bird in the family Fringillidae, the finches and euphonias. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. == Taxonomy and systematics == The orange-crowned euphonia was originally described in 1861 with the binomial Phonasca saturata. It was eventually reassigned to genus Euphonia that had been erected in 1806. The genus Euphonia was long placed in the family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers. Multiple studies in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries resulted in its being reassigned to its present place in the family Fringillidae. Some early twentieth century authors treated the orange-crowned euphonia, Finsch's euphonia (E. finschi), and the velvet-fronted euphonia (E. concinna) as conspecific. The orange-crowned euphonia is monotypic. == Description == The orange-crowned euphonia is about 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The species is sexually dimorphic. Adult males have a deep orange-yellow crown. The rest of their head and their nape, throat, wings, and upperparts are glossy blue-black with a purplish tinge. The top side of their tail is blue-black and the underside dark gray. Their underparts from their breast to the undertail coverts are deep orange ochraceous. Adult females have a dark olive head and upperparts. Their underparts…