White-eared Ground Sparrow

The white-eared ground sparrow (Melozone leucotis) is a species of bird in the family Passerellidae, the New World sparrows. It is found in Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua. == Taxonomy and systematics == The white-eared ground sparrow was formally described in 1861 with its present binomial Melozone leucotis. The white-eared ground sparrow long was assigned three subspecies, the nominate M. l. leucotis (Cabanis, 1861), M. l. nigrior (Miller, W & Griscom, 1925), and M. l. occipitalis (Salvin, 1878). The last had originally been described as a species, and following two 2017 studies most taxonomic systems again recognized it as one, the grey-crowned ground sparrow, though some did not do so until 2025. However, in both 2018 and 2023 the American Ornithological Society declined to make the change, and as of 2025 AviList intends to revisit the issue. This article follows the two-subspecies model. == Description == The white-eared ground sparrow is about 18 cm (7.1 in) long and weighs about 42 g (1.5 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a mostly black head with white patches in front of the eye and on the ear coverts, a broken white eye-ring, a large yellow…