Andean Bear

Identification

The Andean bear, or spectacled bear, is South America's only living native bear species and the last surviving member of the short-faced bear subfamily. It is named for the distinctive light-coloured markings on its chest, neck, and face that resemble spectacles, though these facial patterns vary between individuals. The bear's scientific name, Tremarctos ornatus, reflects both an unusual hole on its humerus bone (tremarctos from Greek "hole") and its decorative markings (ornatus meaning "decorated" in Latin). Locally, it is known as jukumari, ukumari, or ukuku in indigenous languages—names that translate to "hole bear," referencing the tan facial markings that create the appearance of holes where the eyes should be.

Range & Habitat

The Andean bear is native to the Andes Mountains in northern and western South America. It inhabits densely vegetated mountainous terrain throughout this range. The species is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN, with habitat loss being the primary threat to its survival.

Behaviour & Diet

Unlike most other bears, the Andean bear is predominantly herbivorous, making it exceptional among omnivorous bear species. Its anatomy reflects adaptations to its mountain forest environment, including relatively gracile limbs and forelimbs longer than hindlimbs—characteristics that suggest arboreal activity and climbing capability. As the last surviving member of the Tremarctinae subfamily, a lineage that diverged from other bears approximately 5.7 million years ago, the Andean bear represents a unique evolutionary lineage with no close living relatives.

Best Time & Places to See It

The Andean bear inhabits the dense vegetation of the Andes Mountains across northern and western South America. Its elusive nature and preference for heavily forested terrain make sightings challenging for travellers and wildlife enthusiasts.

Photography Tips

Photographing this species requires patience and preparation. The bear's dark coloration and densely vegetated habitat demand fast film speeds or high ISO settings. The distinctive chest and facial markings are key identifying features worth capturing, though close approaches are difficult and potentially dangerous given the species' vulnerable status and need for habitat protection.