Common Buzzard

Identification

The common buzzard is a medium-sized bird of prey belonging to the genus Buteo, characterized by a robust body and broad wings. This highly variable species displays considerable individual variation in plumage, making identification challenging even for experienced birders. The nominate subspecies found across Europe shows size differences according to latitude, with northern birds larger than their southern counterparts. Males typically have a wing chord measuring 350 to 418 mm and weigh around 740 to 781 grams, while females are noticeably larger, with wing chords of 374 to 432 mm and weights of around 969 to 1,100 grams.

Range & Habitat

The common buzzard has an extensive range across most of Europe and the Palearctic, extending eastward to northwestern China, far western Siberia, and northwestern Mongolia. Over much of its range, it remains a year-round resident. However, birds from colder northern regions and those breeding in the eastern portions of their range typically migrate south for winter, with some individuals traveling as far as South Africa. Various subspecies are distributed across Atlantic islands, the British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula, and continuously throughout continental Europe to Finland and Romania, with additional populations in the Azores and Canary Islands.

Behaviour & Diet

The common buzzard is an opportunistic predator that feeds primarily on small mammals, with rodents such as voles forming the staple of its diet. The species typically hunts from a perch rather than through sustained flight. Like other accipitrid birds of prey, it constructs nests, usually in trees, and displays devoted parental care toward a relatively small brood of young. The common buzzard appears to be Europe's most abundant diurnal raptor, with global population estimates running well into the millions.

Best Time & Places to See It

The common buzzard's year-round presence across most of Europe makes it accessible to observers throughout the year, though timing depends on your location. In northern and eastern regions, autumn and spring migrations offer excellent viewing opportunities as birds move between breeding and wintering grounds. Open countryside with scattered trees and perches provides ideal habitat for spotting these raptors, as they spend considerable time hunting from exposed vantage points.

Photography Tips

Photograph common buzzards from a distance using a telephoto lens, as they typically hunt from perches where patient observation may yield excellent shots. The species' individual plumage variation offers diverse photographic subjects, so document different color morphs when possible. Early morning light during migration periods enhances visibility and image quality. Include habitat context in your compositions to illustrate the open countryside environments where these raptors hunt.