Crested Oropendola
Photo © Derek Spencer
Photo © Derek Spencer — CC BY 4.0 — Source: iNaturalist photo #432311936The crested oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus), also known as the cornbird, is a species of bird in the family Icteridae, the oropendolas, New World orioles, and New World blackbirds. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, and every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay. It is "[u]ndoubtedly overall the commonest and most widespread oropendola". == Taxonomy and systematics == The crested oropendola was formally described in 1769 with the binomial Xanthornis decumanus. Some authors placed it in genus Ostinops before it was assigned to its present Psarocolius. The crested oropendola's further taxonomy is unsettled. The IOC, the Clements taxonomy, and AviList assign it these four subspecies: P. d. melanterus (Todd, 1917) P. d. insularis (Dalmas, 1900) P. d. decumanus (Pallas, 1769) P. d. maculosus (Chapman, 1920) However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) does not recognize P. d. maculosus but includes it within P. d. decumanus. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Birds of the World states that DNA data do not support P. d. maculosus as a defined subspecies but does include its description and range in its species account. This article follows the four-subspecies model. == Description == Male crested oropendolas…
Tijuca National Park
Brazil
+317 birds+13 mammals
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Brazil
+379 birds+5 mammals
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Puerto Jiménez, Costa Rica
+444 birds+48 mammals
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Golfito, Costa Rica
+386 birds+24 mammals
Where the Golfo Dulce meets the southwestern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Piedras Blancas National Park protects a dramatic transition zone where lowland rainforest descends toward…
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Aguarico, Ecuador
+601 birds+43 mammals
Where the western Amazon basin converges with Ecuador's Orellana Province, lowland rainforest reaches toward the horizon in an unbroken canopy of staggering botanical density. Yasuní National…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKSangay National Park
Cebadas, Ecuador
+320 birds+10 mammals
High in Ecuador's Andean spine, where the Western Cordillera rises to touch perpetual snow, a landscape of volcanic drama and ecological intensity unfolds across Sangay National…
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Zamora, Ecuador
+496 birds+6 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKSumaco Napo-Galeras National Park
Loreto, Ecuador
+563 birds+4 mammals
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Quijos, Ecuador
+432 birds+21 mammals
Where the eastern Andean slopes descend into the Amazon basin, Antisana National Park sprawls across roughly 2,500 square kilometers of some of South America's most dramatic…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural Sierra de Chiribiquete National Park
Solano, Colombia
+359 birds+27 mammals
Massive table-top mountains rise abruptly from the lowland rainforest of southeastern Colombia, their sheer sandstone cliffs and isolated summits creating some of the most dramatic topography…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural Utría National Park
Alto Baudó (Pie de Pató), Colombia
+372 birds+11 mammals
Where the Chocó's coastal mountains plunge toward the Pacific, Utría National Park preserves one of Colombia's most biodiverse and least-visited wilderness expanses. Sprawling across 1,287 square…
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Santa Rosa, Colombia
+70 birds+2 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural la Paya National Park
Puerto Leguízamo, Colombia
+262 birds+4 mammals
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El Carmen de Chucurí, Colombia
+320 birds+3 mammals
Where the northern cordilleras of Colombia rise toward cloud forest, the Serranía de los Yariguíes unfolds across nearly 1,820 square kilometers of some of the most…
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Buenaventura, Colombia
+733 birds+27 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural Chingaza National Park
Junín, Colombia
+285 birds+6 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural el Cocuy National Park
Güicán, Colombia
+313 birds+3 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKMorrocoy National Park
Municipio Silva
+290 birds
Where the Caribbean coast of northwestern Venezuela meets protected coastal waters, a mosaic of mangrove forests, sandy beaches, and coral reef systems defines Morrocoy National Park.…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKPuracé National Natural Park
Puracé, Colombia
+327 birds+2 mammals
Where the Andes thrust upward across southwestern Colombia, Puracé National Natural Park spans nearly 2,631 square kilometers of some of South America's most dramatic montane terrain.…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKGuácharos Cave National Natural Park
Acevedo, Colombia
+359 birds
High in the Andean foothills of southern Huila, where mist-laden slopes rise above 1,600 metres, lies a landscape carved by underground rivers and crowned by karst…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural Uramba Bahía Málaga National Park
Buenaventura, Colombia
+308 birds+15 mammals
Where the Pacific coastal rainforest descends to mangrove estuaries and rocky headlands, Uramba Bahía Málaga National Park unfolds across nearly 1,000 square kilometres of Colombia's Valle…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural Sumapaz National Park
Cubarral, Colombia
+368 birds+1 mammals
Where the Andes descend toward the Amazon basin, the high páramo grasslands of Sumapaz National Park sprawl across more than five thousand square kilometers of Meta…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKEl Tamá National Park
Toledo, Colombia
+435 birds
Where the Andes descend toward the Caribbean coastal lowlands of northern Colombia, El Tamá National Park sprawls across nearly 3,800 square kilometres of montane forest, cloud…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural Sierra de la Macarena National Park
Vista Hermosa, Colombia
+566 birds+15 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKAmacayacu National Park
Leticia, Colombia
+567 birds+25 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKNatural Nevado del Huila National Park
Planadas, Colombia
+117 birds
Where the Colombian Andes rise above 5,000 metres, tropical cloud forest yields to páramo and glaciated peaks, and the Planadas region of Tolima contains one of…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKItatiaia National Park
Brazil
+519 birds+12 mammals
Where granite peaks pierce the Atlantic rainforest canopy in southeastern Brazil, Itatiaia National Park rises as one of the country's oldest and most ecologically vital protected…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKUbajara National Park
Brazil
+122 birds+1 mammals
Granite peaks rise sharply from the humid tropical forests of northeastern Brazil, where Ubajara's 234 square kilometres straddle the transition between Atlantic rainforest and drier cerrado…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKSerra da Bocaina National Park
Brazil
+441 birds+5 mammals
Where the escarpment of the Serra da Bocaina rises sharply from the Atlantic coastal plain, tropical rainforest cloaks steep mountainsides that climb toward peaks exceeding 2,000…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKViruá National Park
Brazil
+389 birds+6 mammals
Across the northern frontier of Roraima, where the forest canopy rises from ancient Amazonian lowlands, Viruá National Park protects nearly 3,700 square kilometres of terra firme…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKSerra dos Órgãos National Park
Brazil
+446 birds+13 mammals
Granite peaks thrust skyward through the Atlantic Forest canopy in the mountains immediately north of Rio de Janeiro, their bare rock faces rising above a landscape…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKSete Cidades National Park
Brazil
+125 birds+1 mammals
Sete Cidades sprawls across 113 square kilometres of northeastern Brazil's interior plateau, where weathered sandstone formations rise dramatically from the cerrado landscape. The park's geology tells…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKChapada dos Guimarães National Park
Brazil
+450 birds+1 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKChapada dos Veadeiros National Park
Brazil
+324 birds+6 mammals
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Brazil
+322 birds+17 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKLençóis Maranhenses National Park
Brazil
+98 birds+2 mammals
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Brazil
+333 birds+3 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKBrasília National Park
Plano Piloto, Brazil
+338 birds+15 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKAmazônia National Park
Brazil
+439 birds+6 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKMapinguari National Park
Brazil
+354 birds
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKJaú National Park
Brazil
+354 birds+3 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKPacaás Novos National Park
Brazil
+279 birds+1 mammals
Across the border between Rondônia and Amazonas, vast tracts of humid tropical forest rise and fall in gentle undulations, carved by clear-flowing rivers that feed into…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKAnavilhanas National Park
Brazil
+468 birds+8 mammals
Across the Rio Negro in central Amazonas, an archipelago of over a thousand islands rises from the world's largest rainforest river system, creating a labyrinth of…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKCampos Amazónicos National Park
Amazonas, Brazil
+434 birds+7 mammals
Sprawling across the southwestern Amazon basin in Amazonas state, this 27,263-square-kilometre national park encompasses some of the region's most pristine lowland rainforest, where terra firme forest…
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Brazil
+448 birds+10 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKOtishi National Park
Río Tambo, Peru
+108 birds
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Palcazu, Peru
+639 birds+6 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKManu National Park
Manu, Peru
+892 birds+26 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKSierra del Divisor National Park
Alto Tapiche, Peru
+298 birds+2 mammals
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San Pedro de Putina Punco, Peru
+602 birds+8 mammals
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Río Santiago, Peru
+101 birds
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKTingo Maria National Park
Mariano Dámaso Beraún, Peru
+423 birds
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKCordillera Azul National Park
Pampa Hermosa, Peru
+322 birds+1 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKCoiba National Park
Montijo, Panama
+260 birds+10 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKBaru Volcano National Park
Cerro Punta, Panama
+402 birds+6 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKGeneral de División Omar Torrijos Herrera National Park
La Pintada, Panama
+401 birds+2 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKSoberanía National Park
Cristóbal, Panama
+495 birds+34 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKChagres National Park
Caimitillo, Panama
+486 birds+19 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKDarién National Park
Tucutí, Panama
+534 birds+13 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKPortobelo National Park
Portobelo, Panama
+366 birds+9 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKMarino Golfo de Chiriquí National Park
Boca Chica, Panama
+82 birds+2 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKRío Pilcomayo National Park
Argentina
+271 birds+13 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKEl Rey National Park
Municipio de Las Lajitas, Argentina
+317 birds+4 mammals
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VIEW NATIONAL PARKCalilegua National Park
Municipio de Calilegua, Argentina
+288 birds+8 mammals
Where the eastern Andean slopes plunge into northwestern Argentina's humid subtropics, nearly 2,645 square kilometers of steep terrain and luxuriant forest compose one of South America's…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKBaritú National Park
Argentina
+81 birds+2 mammals
Where the eastern slopes of the Serranías del Hornocal descend into cloud forest and subtropical ravines, Baritú National Park protects one of northwestern Argentina's most biodiverse…
VIEW NATIONAL PARKLa Amistad International Park
Crorina, Costa Rica
+532 birds+20 mammals
Where the Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica's Talamanca Mountains rise steeply inland from Limón, the boundary between two nations dissolves into an unbroken expanse of rainforest.…
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