Marbled Godwit

Identification

The marbled godwit is a large migratory shorebird and, on average, the largest of the four godwit species. Adults measure 40–50 cm in total length, with a distinctive very long pink bill of 8–13 cm that curves slightly upward and darkens toward the tip. They have long blue-grey legs and a wingspan of 70–88 cm. The plumage features a pale brown long neck, breast and belly with dark barring on the breast and flanks, while the back is mottled and dark. In flight, cinnamon wing linings are visible. Females are noticeably larger than males, averaging 391 g compared to males at 326 g.

Range & habitat

Marbled godwits breed across three distinct regions of North America: the vast majority in mid-continental areas, with additional populations in eastern Canada and the Alaska Peninsula. Two subspecies are recognised: the Alaskan breeding population (beringiae), which winters in the western United States, and the nominate subspecies (fedoa), which breeds in central and south-central Canada plus the north-central United States, wintering from the southern United States to northwest South America.

The species follows different migration routes depending on breeding location. Western populations migrate through Utah stopover sites to Mexican and Caribbean wintering grounds, while eastern Canadian breeders cross the US and stop at Gulf of California sites. Notably, the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge at Great Salt Lake in Utah is one of the most popular spring and fall stopover sites. Satellite tracking reveals that male and female godwits from breeding populations often migrate and winter separately, with females heading to coastal California and males stopping at Great Salt Lake before wintering in Baja California Sur.

Behaviour & diet

These birds forage by probing on mudflats, marshes, and beaches, timing their feeding to tidal patterns. When the tide recedes, godwits actively feed; as the tide returns, they roost, often resting on a single leg with their bill tucked into their body. In short grass habitats, they pick up insects by sight. Their diet consists mainly of insects and crustaceans, supplemented by parts of aquatic plants. They nest on the ground, typically in short grass.

Best time & places to see it

Spring and fall migration periods offer the best viewing opportunities, particularly at major stopover sites. The Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge at Great Salt Lake in Utah is renowned for concentrating godwits during these seasons. Coastal areas along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts of the United States and Mexico host wintering birds. Suitable viewing habitats include mudflats, marshes, beaches, and grasslands where these birds forage and rest.

Photography tips

The marbled godwit's large size and distinctive long, curved pink bill make it relatively conspicuous, especially on open mudflats and beaches. Position yourself during low tide when birds are actively feeding and more concentrated. The cinnamon wing linings are best captured in flight photography. Early morning and late afternoon light will enhance the subtle mottled plexus of the back and the pale brown breast. Approach slowly and quietly to avoid flushing roosting birds, and remember that flocks often rest during high tide, providing opportunities for closer observation and photography.