Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush

The orange-billed nightingale-thrush (Catharus aurantiirostris) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae, the thrushes and allies. It is found from northern Mexico through Central America (except Belize) into northern South America. In addition it has been documented in Brazil and as a vagrant to the United States. == Taxonomy and systematics == The orange-billed nightingale-thrush was originally described in 1850 as Turdus aurantiirostris. It was later reassigned to its present genus Catharus that had been erected that same year. The further taxonomy of the orange-billed nightingale-thrush is unsettled. The IOC, AviList, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World assign it these 11 subspecies: C. a. clarus Jouy, 1894 C. a. melpomene (Cabanis, 1851) C. a. costaricensis Hellmayr, 1902 C. a. griseiceps Salvin, 1866 C. a. phaeopleurus Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1876 C. a. aurantiirostris (Hartlaub, 1850) C. a. birchalli Seebohm, 1881 C. a. barbaritoi Aveledo & Ginés, 1952 C. a. sierrae Hellmayr, 1919 C. a. inornatus Zimmer, JT, 1944 C. a. insignis Zimmer, JT, 1944 The Clements taxonomy adds three more subspecies, C. a. aenopennis, C. a. bangsi, and C. a. russatus. The other taxonomies include them in C. a. clarus, C. a. melpomene, and…