Sharp-shinned Hawk

Identification

The sharp-shinned hawk is a small accipiter with males being among the smallest hawks in the United States and Canada. Males measure 23 to 30 cm in length with a wingspan of 42 to 58 cm, while females are distinctly larger, averaging some 30% longer and weighing more than 50% more. This dramatic size difference is typical of accipiters. The species is characterized by short, broad wings, a medium-length tail banded in blackish and gray, long slender yellow legs (which give the species its name), and a black hooked bill with a yellowish cere.

Adult northern sharp-shinned hawks display a dark cap and blue-grey upperparts, white underparts with rufous or tawny barring, and distinctly rufous thighs. The cheeks are tinged rufous, often very distinct in island populations. Juveniles are readily distinguished by dark brownish upperparts with rufous edges, whitish head streaking, and extensively streaked underparts. Eyes range from dark orange to red in adults, but are yellowish to pale orange in juveniles. The remiges visible in flight are whitish with black barring.

Range & Habitat

The sharp-shinned hawk is found across a widespread range, with northern populations breeding throughout most of mainland North America, from Canada south to northern Mexico and southern New Mexico. The species occurs on various Caribbean islands including Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, each with distinct subspecific forms. Additional populations are found in southeast Mexico and Central America, the Andes, and southeastern South America. The wintering range of northern populations partially overlaps with more southern populations in Central America.

Behaviour & Diet

As a small accipiter hawk, the sharp-shinned hawk is an agile aerial hunter. The species inhabits forested regions and hunts with the characteristic swift, manoeuvrable flight typical of accipiters, pursuing prey through woodland and among vegetation. Little specific dietary information is provided in available sources, though accipiters of this size typically prey on small birds and occasionally small mammals.

Best Time & Places to See It

Sharp-shinned hawks are found across mainland North America and the Caribbean. The northern populations are migratory, making timing variable depending on location. In northern regions, breeding birds are present during warmer months, while winter sees the arrival of migrants from further north. Caribbean populations, including those on Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, offer year-round opportunities for observation.

Photography Tips

The sharp-shinned hawk's small size and rapid, agile flight present a challenging photographic subject. Look for birds perched in trees or in open country, where their distinctive long legs and compact wings are most visible. The blue-grey and rufous plumage of adults contrasts well against green foliage or open sky. Patience and fast camera settings are essential for capturing birds in flight. The marked sexual dimorphism means females will appear noticeably larger than males—useful for identifying individuals in the field.