Northern Raven

Identification

The Northern Raven is a large, all-black passerine bird and one of the heaviest members of its order. At maturity, it averages 63 centimetres in length and 1.47 kilograms in weight, though the heaviest individuals may reach 2 kilograms. With a wingspan ranging from 116 to 153 centimetres, this impressive corvid is unmistakable in the field. Birds from colder regions, such as those from the Himalayas and Greenland, tend to be larger with slightly larger bills, while those from warmer areas are smaller with proportionally smaller bills.

Range & Habitat

The Northern Raven is the most widely distributed of all corvids, found across the Northern Hemisphere. Eleven accepted subspecies exist, though they show little variation in appearance despite significant genetic differences among populations from various regions. Recent genetic research has revealed the existence of at least two distinct clades: a California clade found only in the southwestern United States, and a Holarctic clade distributed across the rest of the Northern Hemisphere. Interestingly, ravens from the rest of North America are genetically more closely related to those in Europe and Asia than to the California population.

Behaviour & Diet

Northern Ravens are highly intelligent and adaptable birds. Young birds may travel in flocks, but they later mate for life, with each pair defending a territory. The species can live more than 23 years in the wild, though their typical lifespan is considerably shorter. A key to their success is their omnivorous diet and remarkable opportunism; they feed on carrion, insects, cereal grains, berries, fruit, small animals, nesting birds, and food waste. Their problem-solving abilities provide evidence of their unusual intelligence, and they have coexisted with humans for thousands of years, sometimes becoming so numerous that people have regarded them as pests.

Best Time & Places to See It

As a year-round resident across much of the Northern Hemisphere, the Northern Raven can be encountered in virtually all seasons. They are particularly visible in open and semi-open landscapes, and may be found in a wide variety of habitats. Look for them soaring overhead or perched prominently on tall trees, cliffs, or human structures. Their large size and distinctive silhouette make them relatively easy to locate once you know what to search for.

Photography Tips

The Northern Raven's all-black plumage can present exposure challenges for photographers. Meter carefully to avoid underexposure, and consider using fill flash or reflector techniques to bring out detail in the feathers and reveal the bird's texture. Their large size and commanding presence make them excellent subjects for both perched portraits and flight photography. Early morning or late afternoon light will help reveal iridescent highlights in their feathers. Patience will be rewarded, as these intelligent birds often display interesting behaviour that makes for compelling images.