Cuchara común
Photo © Dan Vickers
Photo © Dan Vickers — CC BY 4.0 — Source: iNaturalist #262164450Identificación
El pato cucharetero norteño es inconfundible gracias a su pico largo y espátula, la característica de la que procede su nombre. Los machos en época de cría son espectaculares, con la cabeza verde oscuro iridiscente (que parece negra a distancia o con luz deficiente), el pecho blanco y el vientre y los flancos castaños. En vuelo, muestran las plumas de las alas anteriores azul pálido separadas de un espéculo verde por un borde blanco. En otoño temprano, los machos lucen un creciente blanco distintivo a cada lado de la cabeza. Las hembras son de color marrón apagado y moteado como las ánsares reales hembra, pero se distinguen fácilmente por su pico largo y ancho, gris con tonos anaranjados en el borde cortante y mandíbula inferior. Ambos sexos tienen las patas de color naranja rojo brillante. Los patos cuchareteros norteños miden entre 44 y 52 cm de largo con una envergadura de 70 a 84 cm y suelen pesar entre 500 y 800 g. En plumaje no reproductor de eclipse, los machos se parecen a las hembras pero conservan sus plumas de alas anteriores azul pálido.
Distribución & Hábitat
Este pato común y ampliamente distribuido cría en grandes áreas del norte de Europa, la región Paleártica y la mayor parte de América del Norte, incluyendo el borde sur de la bahía de Hudson hacia el oeste y sur hasta los Grandes Lagos, Colorado, Nevada y Oregón. Los patos cuchareteros norteños invernan en el sur de Europa, el subcontinente indio, el sudeste asiático, América Central, el Caribe y el norte de América del Sur, lo que los convierte en vagabundos raros en Australia. Los que invernan en el subcontinente indio realizan un viaje extraordinario sobre el Himalaya, a menudo haciendo paradas en humedales justo al sur de la cordillera.
La especie habita humedales abiertos como pastizales húmedos y marismas con vegetación emergente. Muestran una marcada preferencia por las marismas de fondo lodoso ricas en invertebrados. En Gran Bretaña, alrededor de 1.300 a 1.450 parejas crían, particularmente en el sur y este de Inglaterra en lugares como las marismas de Ouse, el Humber y los marismas del norte de Kent. Crían en la mayor parte de Irlanda y se reconocen cada vez más como más comunes y ampliamente distribuidos de lo que se pensaba anteriormente.
Comportamiento & Dieta
Los patos cuchareteros norteños son forrajeros especializados que se alimentan paseando y balanceando el pico de lado a lado para colar alimento del agua. Sus picos altamente especializados, anchos y planos están equipados con laminillas bien desarrolladas, pequeñas estructuras en forma de peine que funcionan como coladores, permitiéndoles filtrar crustáceos y plancton de la superficie del agua. Esta especialización les da una ventaja de alimentación sobre otros patos buceadores y reduce la competencia por recursos alimenticios.
Los cuchareteros prefieren anidar en áreas cubiertas de hierba lejos del agua abierta, construyendo depresiones superficiales en el terreno revestidas con vegetación y plumón. Las hembras típicamente ponen alrededor de nueve huevos. Los machos son altamente territoriales durante la época de cría y defienden a sus parejas de los competidores; los elaborados despliegues de cortejo con una docena o más de machos persiguiendo a una sola hembra no son infrecuentes. A pesar de su apariencia rechoncha, los cuchareteros son voladores ágiles. Esta es una especie bastante silenciosa; los machos producen un reclamo sordo mientras que las hembras tienen un graznido similar al del ánade real.
Mejor Época & Lugares para Observarlo
En América del Norte, los patos cuchareteros norteños están presentes todo el año en su área de distribución de cría, con aves invernantes encontradas al sur de una línea que va desde Washington a Idaho y desde Nuevo México hacia el este hasta Kentucky, también a lo largo de la Costa Este hasta Massachusetts. En Gran Bretaña e Irlanda, se ven mejor durante los meses de invierno, cuando son más numerosos que las aves reproductoras. Las marismas de Ouse, el Humber y los marismas del norte de Kent son lugares confiables en Inglaterra, mientras que se encuentran en números más pequeños en Escocia e Inglaterra occidental.
Consejos de Fotografía
El pico grande distintivo del pato cucharetero norteño y su plumaje colorido lo convierten en un sujeto fotográfico gratificante. Los machos en época de cría son visualmente más espectaculares, con sus cabezas verde iridiscente y sus partes inferiores blancas y castañas contrastantes. Captúralos en vuelo para mostrar sus plumas de alas anteriores azul pálido y el borde blanco que separa el espéculo. El otoño temprano proporciona el bonificación del creciente facial blanco. Fotográfialos en su hábitat preferido de marismas abiertas y pastizales húmedos al amanecer o atardecer cuando la luz es óptima. Su vuelo ágil y comportamiento de paseo ofrecen oportunidades dinámicas de disparo, particularmente cuando múltiples machos están involucrados en despliegues de cortejo.
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Serres, Grecia
+132 aves+25 mamíferos
Where the Strymon River winds through northeastern Greece, a sprawling freshwater lake mirrors the dramatic Belasitsa Mountains, creating one of […]
VER PARQUE NACIONALGir National Park
Asundrali, India
150+ aves+12 mamíferos
Dry deciduous forests cloak the rolling hills of western Gujarat where the Gir landscape rises as a final sanctuary for […]
VER PARQUE NACIONALAún no hay fotos de la comunidad. Inicia sesión para añadir la primera.
Aún no hay observaciones de la comunidad de esta especie.