Avión roquero
Photo © Diego González Dopico
Photo © Diego González Dopico — CC BY 4.0 — Source: iNaturalist photo #652945455El avión roquero (Ptyonoprogne rupestris) es una especie de ave de la familia de los aviones y golondrinas (Hirundinidae). Mide 14 cm de largo y posee partes superiores color marrón ceniza y partes inferiores más claras, además de una cola corta y cuadrada que posee unas manchas blancas distintivas en la mayoría de sus plumas. Habita en las montañas del sur de Europa, el noroeste de África y el sur de Asia. Se le puede confundir con las otras dos especies del género, pero es de mayor tamaño que estas, presenta unas manchas más notorias en la cola y posee un plumaje de tono diferente. Muchos ejemplares de Europa son residentes, pero las poblaciones más norteñas y las que habitan en Asia son migratorias, ya que hibernan en el norte de África, el Medio Oriente o la India.
El avión roquero construye un nido adherido a la superficie rocosa bajo la saliente de un acantilado o, más frecuentemente, a una estructura creada por el hombre. Construye un nido con forma de media taza de barro con una capa interna suave de plumas y pasto seco. Los nidos suelen ser solitarios, aunque algunas parejas pueden anidar relativamente cerca en ubicaciones apropiadas. La hembra se encarga de poner e incubar de dos a cinco huevos blancos con manchas marrones, aunque posteriormente ambos progenitores alimentan a los pichones. Esta especie no forma grandes colonias de apareamiento, pero es más bien gregaria fuera de esta temporada. Se alimenta de una gran variedad de insectos que captura en pleno vuelo, cerca de las paredes de los acantilados o en prados alpinos. Los adultos y los jóvenes son alimento para las aves de presa o los córvidos, y también alojan ácaros que se alimentan de su sangre. Dada su área de distribución, muy grande y en expansión, y su población numerosa, no existe ninguna preocupación en cuanto a su estado de conservación.
Esta ave se relaciona de forma muy cercana con los dos otros aviones dentro del género y a veces se lo ha considerado de la misma especie que uno de ellos o ambos, si bien parecen existir zonas donde las áreas de distribución de dos especies se empalman sin que se hibriden. Los tres aviones de Ptyonoprogne son muy similares en comportamiento a las otras golondrinas del Viejo Mundo que construyen sus nidos con barro. A veces se los incluye dentro del género Hirundo, pero este punto de vista lleva a inconsistencias en la clasificación de otros géneros, particularmente en el caso de Delichon.
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