Ánade rabudo norteño
Photo © Micah Carrick
Photo © Micah Carrick — CC BY 4.0 — Source: iNaturalist #144435253El ánade rabudo (Anas acuta), también denominado pato rabudo, pato golondrino norteño, pato rabilargo, pato pescuecilargo, pato de cola puntiaguda o pato cola de gallo, es una especie de ave anseriforme migratoria de la familia Anatidae que cría en el norte de Eurasia y Norteamérica. Suele pasar el invierno en el sur de Europa, África del Norte, Centroamérica y buena parte de Asia tropical y subtropical. A pesar de ser una especie tan ampliamente distribuida no se le diferencia en subespecies, si se considera al pato de Eaton una especie separada.
Se trata de un ánade grande, con una cola larga y apuntada que le da su nombre común y científico. Todas sus denominaciones aluden a las dos largas plumas negras de la cola de los machos, que en vuelo parecen una sola y miden un cuarto de la longitud total del pato. Son voladores rápidos y gráciles, con largas alas, cabeza pequeña y cuello largo que favorecen su aerodinámica. Ambos sexos tienen el pico de color gris azulado y las patas grises. El macho se distingue por su cabeza y cuello marrón, con una línea blanca que conecta con el blanco de su vientre, mientras que su espalda y costados presentan un patrón gris y negro. Por su parte, la hembra tiene un plumaje más discreto, con tonos pardos y grisáceos, similar al de otras hembras de patos de superficie. Las hembras emiten un graznido tosco y los machos un silbido aflautado.
El ánade rabudo es un ave de humedales abiertos que anida en el suelo, con frecuencia alejado del agua. Se alimenta de las plantas que alcanza sumergiendo la cabeza mientras nada en la superficie del agua, complementando su dieta con pequeños invertebrados en la estación de cría. Es muy gregario cuando no está criando y forma grandes bandadas junto a otras especies de patos. La población de este ánade se ve afectada principalmente por los depredadores, los parásitos y las enfermedades aviares. A pesar de todo, su enorme área de distribución y su gran población implica que no esté globalmente amenazado.
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