Escribano Nival
Photo © Kalvin Chan
Photo © Kalvin Chan — CC BY 4.0 — Source: iNaturalist photo #260782169El escribano nival (Plectrophenax nivalis) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Emberizidae. Habita en el ártico y en un área restringida del hemisferio norte. Hay pequeñas poblaciones aisladas en los picos de las montañas en la región nórdica, incluyendo los Cairngorms en el centro de Escocia y en las Montañas San Elías en la frontera sur de Alaska.
Su hábitat natural es la tundra, los páramos sin árboles y las montañas peladas. Es un ave migratoria, ya que pasa el invierno más al sur en zonas más templadas, principalmente en las costas marinas o en las montañas bajas, aunque pueden invadir las tierras de cultivo. En invierno forma enormes bandadas.
Tiene un tamaño mediano con alas demasiado grandes para un ave de su especie, con quince a dieciocho centímetros de largo con una envergadura de 32 a 38 centímetros, y un peso de veintiséis a cincuenta gramos. En vuelo, se lo puede identificar fácilmente por las enormes manchas blancas que presentan sus alas. El macho es inconfundible cuando se encuentra en época de reproducción, ya que su plumaje es completamente blanco con el lomo negro; la hembra en la época de reproducción es negra grisácea en donde el macho es completamente negro. Con el plumaje de invierno, ambos géneros presentan plumas moteadas, negruzcas y blancas en la parte superior, siendo los machos más blancos que las hembras. Los polluelos son amarillos con negro, y completamente negros durante el verano en el caso de los machos. A diferencia de la mayor parte de los paseriformes tiene las alas adaptadas para su frío hábitat. Ningún otro paseriforme puede pasar el invierno tan al norte, descontando al cuervo común.
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