Leopardo
Photo © Aditya Rao
Photo © Aditya Rao — CC BY 4.0 — Source: iNaturalist photo #517036952El leopardo (Panthera pardus) es un mamífero de la familia de los félidos. Al igual que tres de los demás félidos del género Panthera, el león, el tigre y el jaguar, se caracteriza por una modificación en el hueso hioides que le permite rugir. También se le conoce como pantera parda y, cuando presenta un pelaje completamente oscuro (melánico), como pantera negra.
En comparación con otros felinos salvajes, el leopardo tiene unas patas relativamente cortas y un cuerpo alargado con un cráneo grande aunque más pequeño que el del jaguar. Su pelaje está marcado con rosetas. Su aspecto es similar al del jaguar (Panthera onca), pero es más pequeño y ligero, y sus rosetas suelen ser más pequeñas, más densas y sin manchas centrales. Tanto los leopardos como los jaguares que son melánicos se conocen como pantera negra. El leopardo se distingue por su pelaje bien camuflado, su comportamiento de caza oportunista, su amplia dieta, su fuerza y su capacidad para adaptarse a una gran variedad de hábitats que van desde la selva tropical a la estepa, pasando por zonas áridas y montañosas. Puede correr a velocidades de hasta 58 km/h. Los primeros fósiles de leopardo conocidos excavados en Europa tienen una antigüedad estimada de 600 000 años y datan de finales del Pleistoceno temprano. También se han encontrado fósiles de leopardo en Sumatra, Taiwán y Japón.
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