Serra dos Órgãos National Park

National Park · Brazil

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Photo © TMbux

Photo © TMbux — CC BY-SA 4.0 — Source: Wikimedia Commons

Granite peaks thrust skyward through the Atlantic Forest canopy in the mountains immediately north of Rio de Janeiro, their bare rock faces rising above a landscape where cloud forest merges with lowland tropical woodland. Serra dos Órgãos National Park encompasses nearly 440 square kilometers of this rugged terrain, where sharp ridgelines carved by millions of years of erosion create a mosaic of microclimates. The higher elevations, perpetually shrouded in mist, support specialized montane vegetation adapted to constant moisture and cool temperatures, while the mid-slope forests thick with bromeliads and orchids give way to denser growth in the valleys below. This vertical patchwork creates ideal conditions for an exceptionally diverse animal community: canopy-dwelling primates move through the upper forest levels, insectivorous songbirds patrol the understory, raptors hunt from ridgetop perches, and small forest mammals shelter in the dense leaf litter and rocky outcrops. Amphibians thrive in the perpetual humidity, their calls a constant soundtrack to the mist-laden mornings.

For wildlife enthusiasts and nature photographers, Serra dos Órgãos offers a rare convergence of accessibility and raw biodiversity within easy reach of a major city. The park's well-maintained trail network allows visitors to climb through distinct ecological zones in a single day, encountering dramatically different habitats and fauna at each elevation. The early morning hours after overnight mist provide exceptional light for photography, particularly along exposed ridge sections where granite faces reflect the rising sun, and the wet season from December through March brings heightened activity among amphibians and woodland songbirds. The combination of challenging topography, pristine forest interior, and proximity to Rio de Janeiro makes this park an essential destination for anyone seeking to experience the full spectrum of Atlantic Forest wildlife without venturing into remote or difficult-to-reach reserves.

Website icmbio.gov.br/parnaso

Ramphastos toco

Dusky-legged Guan

Penelope obscura

Rufous-bellied Thrush

Turdus rufiventris

Violet-capped Woodnymph

Thalurania glaucopis

Ruby-crowned Tanager

Tachyphonus coronatus

Brassy-breasted Tanager

Tangara desmaresti

Sicalis flaveola

Chiroxiphia caudata

Thraupis sayaca

Green-headed Tanager

Tangara seledon

Furnarius rufus

Pale-breasted Thrush

Turdus leucomelas

Pitangus sulphuratus

Thraupis palmarum

Slaty-breasted Wood Rail

Aramides saracura

Southern House Wren

Troglodytes musculus

Brotogeris tirica

Maroon-bellied Parakeet

Pyrrhura frontalis

Yellow-backed Tanager

Hemithraupis flavicollis

Crested Caracara

Caracara plancus

Yellow-throated Woodpecker

Piculus flavigula

Violaceous Euphonia

Euphonia violacea

Chalk-browed Mockingbird

Mimus saturninus

Picazuro Pigeon

Patagioenas picazuro

Ruddy Ground Dove

Columbina talpacoti

White-barred Piculet

Picumnus cirratus

Social Flycatcher

Myiozetetes similis

Butorides striata

Masked Water Tyrant

Fluvicola nengeta

Yellow-legged Thrush

Turdus flavipes

Passer domesticus

Rufous-collared Sparrow

Zonotrichia capensis

Spot-billed Toucanet

Selenidera maculirostris

Red-breasted Toucan

Ramphastos dicolorus

Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher

Todirostrum poliocephalum

Molothrus bonariensis

Southern Lapwing

Vanellus chilensis

White-tailed Hawk

Geranoaetus albicaudatus

Crescent-chested Puffbird

Malacoptila striata

Lesser Woodcreeper

Xiphorhynchus fuscus

White-flanked Antwren

Myrmotherula axillaris

Cliff Flycatcher

Hirundinea ferruginea

Florisuga fusca

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner

Azure-shouldered Tanager

Thraupis cyanoptera

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird

Eupetomena macroura

Channel-billed Toucan

Ramphastos vitellinus

Chestnut-backed Antshrike

Thamnophilus palliatus

Curl-crested Jay

Cyanocorax cristatellus

Spot-winged Wood Quail

Odontophorus capueira

Hooded Berryeater

Carpornis cucullata

Red-rumped Cacique

Cacicus haemorrhous

Coragyps atratus

Rupornis magnirostris

Atlantic Black-throated Trogon

Trogon chrysochloros

Spot-breasted Antvireo

Dysithamnus stictothorax

Golden-chevroned Tanager

Thraupis ornata

Coereba flaveola

Tawny-browed Owl

Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana

Blond-crested Woodpecker

Celeus flavescens

White-eyed Parakeet

Psittacara leucophthalmus

Trogon surrucura

White-shouldered Fire-eye

Pyriglena leucoptera

Golden-crowned Warbler

Basileuterus culicivorus

Buff-throated Saltator

Saltator maximus

Rufous-browed Peppershrike

Cyclarhis gujanensis

Red-necked Tanager

Tangara cyanocephala

White-rimmed Warbler

Myiothlypis leucoblephara

White-tipped Dove

Leptotila verreauxi

Rufous-tailed Jacamar

Galbula ruficauda

Gilt-edged Tanager

Tangara cyanoventris

Blue-winged Macaw

Primolius maracana

Variable Antshrike

Thamnophilus caerulescens

Yellow-eared Woodpecker

Veniliornis maculifrons

Scaly-headed Parrot

Pionus maximiliani

Crested Oropendola

Psarocolius decumanus

Euler's Flycatcher

Lathrotriccus euleri

Boat-billed Flycatcher

Megarynchus pitangua

Pallid Spinetail

Cranioleuca pallida

Crypturellus obsoletus

Southern Beardless Tyrannulet

Camptostoma obsoletum

Planalto Tyrannulet

Phyllomyias fasciatus

Saw-billed Hermit

Ramphodon naevius

Streaked Xenops

Xenops rutilans

Streak-capped Antwren

Terenura maculata

White-collared Swift

Streptoprocne zonaris

Tropical Kingbird

Tyrannus melancholicus

Black-crowned Night Heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

Southern Rough-winged Swallow

Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Grey-rumped Swift

Chaetura cinereiventris

Common Squirrel Cuckoo

Rufous Gnateater

Conopophaga lineata

Black-goggled Tanager

Trichothraupis melanops

White-throated Woodcreeper

Xiphocolaptes albicollis

Sepia-capped Flycatcher

Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Orange-bellied Euphonia

Euphonia xanthogaster

Burnished-buff Tanager

Stilpnia cayana

Black Hawk-Eagle

Spizaetus tyrannus

Blue-naped Chlorophonia

Chlorophonia cyanea

Chestnut-crowned Becard

Pachyramphus castaneus

Grey-hooded Attila

Streaked Flycatcher

Myiodynastes maculatus

Olivaceous Woodcreeper

Sittasomus griseicapillus

Black-and-gold Cotinga

Yellow-olive Flatbill

Tolmomyias sulphurescens

Chestnut-bellied Euphonia

Euphonia pectoralis

Flame-crested Tanager

Loriotus cristatus

Dysithamnus mentalis

Ochre-bellied Flycatcher

Mionectes oleagineus

Velvety Black Tyrant

Knipolegus nigerrimus

Diademed Tanager

Stephanophorus diadematus

Heliodoxa rubricauda

Sombre Hummingbird

Eupetomena cirrochloris

Variegated Flycatcher

Empidonomus varius

Rufous-crowned Greenlet

Hylophilus poicilotis

White-chinned Sapphire

Chlorestes cyanus

Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper

Lochmias nematura

Black-capped Foliage-gleaner

Philydor atricapillus

Creamy-bellied Thrush

Turdus amaurochalinus

Double-collared Seedeater

Sporophila caerulescens

Planalto Hermit

Phaethornis pretrei

Black-cheeked Gnateater

Conopophaga melanops

Rufous-headed Tanager

Hemithraupis ruficapilla

Rufous-breasted Leaftosser

Sclerurus scansor

Bare-throated Bellbird

Procnias nudicollis

Rusty-margined Guan

Penelope superciliaris

Nyctidromus albicollis

Band-winged Nightjar

Systellura longirostris

Scissor-tailed Nightjar

Hydropsalis torquata

Biscutate Swift

Streptoprocne biscutata

Frilled Coquette

Lophornis magnificus

Glittering-bellied Emerald

Chlorostilbon lucidus

Green-crowned Plovercrest

Stephanoxis lalandi

Versicolored Emerald

Chrysuronia versicolor

White-throated Hummingbird

Leucochloris albicollis

Plumbeous Pigeon

Patagioenas plumbea

Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle

Spizaetus melanoleucus

Rufous-thighed Kite

Harpagus diodon

East Brazilian Pygmy Owl

Glaucidium minutissimum

Black-capped Screech Owl

Megascops atricapilla

Rufous-capped Motmot

Baryphthengus ruficapillus

Buff-bellied Puffbird

Notharchus swainsoni

White-eared Puffbird

Nystalus chacuru

Yellow-fronted Woodpecker

Melanerpes flavifrons

Lineated Woodpecker

Dryocopus lineatus

Robust Woodpecker

Campephilus robustus

Barred Forest Falcon

Micrastur ruficollis

Collared Forest Falcon

Micrastur semitorquatus

Black-billed Scythebill

Campylorhamphus falcularius

Scaled Woodcreeper

Lepidocolaptes squamatus

Atlantic Plain Xenops

White-collared Foliage-gleaner

Anabazenops fuscus

Pale-browed Treehunter

Cichlocolaptes leucophrus

Sharp-billed Treehunter

Heliobletus contaminatus

Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner

Syndactyla rufosuperciliata

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner

Automolus leucophthalmus

Rufous-fronted Thornbird

Phacellodomus rufifrons

Orange-eyed Thornbird

Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus

Itatiaia Spinetail

Asthenes moreirae

Rufous-capped Spinetail

Synallaxis ruficapilla

Spix's Spinetail

Synallaxis spixi

Star-throated Antwren

Rhopias gularis

Rufous-backed Antvireo

Dysithamnus xanthopterus

Large-tailed Antshrike

Mackenziaena leachii

Spot-backed Antshrike

Hypoedaleus guttatus

Giant Antshrike

Ferruginous Antbird

Drymophila ferruginea

Bertoni's Antbird

Drymophila rubricollis

Rufous-tailed Antbird

Drymophila genei

Dusky-tailed Antbird

Drymophila malura

Drymophila squamata

White-bibbed Antbird

Myrmoderus loricatus

Rufous-capped Antthrush

Formicarius colma

Rufous-tailed Antthrush

Chamaeza ruficauda

Variegated Antpitta

Grallaria varia

Mouse-colored Tapaculo

Scytalopus speluncae

Greenish Tyrannulet

Phyllomyias virescens

Rough-legged Tyrannulet

Acrochordopus burmeisteri

Small-headed Elaenia

Elaenia sordida

Yellow Tyrannulet

Capsiempis flaveola

Southern Antpipit

Corythopis delalandi

Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet

Phylloscartes ventralis

Grey-hooded Flycatcher

Mionectes rufiventris

Bran-colored Flycatcher

Myiophobus fasciatus

Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant

Hemitriccus diops

Eared Pygmy Tyrant

Myiornis auricularis

Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher

Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps

Common Tody-Flycatcher

Todirostrum cinereum

White-throated Spadebill

Platyrinchus mystaceus

Southern Tropical Pewee

Contopus cinereus

Blue-billed Black Tyrant

Knipolegus cyanirostris

Shear-tailed Grey Tyrant

Muscipipra vetula

Long-tailed Tyrant

Colonia colonus

Piratic Flycatcher

Legatus leucophaius

Dusky-capped Flycatcher

Myiarchus tuberculifer

Large-headed Flatbill

Ramphotrigon megacephalum

Pin-tailed Manakin

Ilicura militaris

Black-tailed Tityra

Green-backed Becard

Pachyramphus viridis

Black-capped Becard

Pachyramphus marginatus

Pachyramphus validus

Oxyruncus cristatus

Whiskered Myiobius

Myiobius barbatus

Lemon-chested Greenlet

Hylophilus thoracicus

White-thighed Swallow

Atticora tibialis

Long-billed Wren

Cantorchilus longirostris

Rusty-flanked Thrush

Turdus albicollis

Purple-throated Euphonia

Euphonia chlorotica

Half-collared Sparrow

Arremon semitorquatus

Variable Oriole

Icterus pyrrhopterus

Tropical Parula

Setophaga pitiayumi

Olive-green Tanager

Orthogonys chloricterus

Red-crowned Ant Tanager

Yellow-green Grosbeak

Caryothraustes canadensis

Green-winged Saltator

Saltator similis

Thick-billed Saltator

Saltator maxillosus

Blue-black Grassquit

Volatinia jacarina

Chestnut-headed Tanager

Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma

Bay-chested Warbling Finch

Castanozoster thoracicus

Long-tailed Reed Finch

Donacospiza albifrons

Chestnut-vented Conebill

Conirostrum speciosum

Fawn-breasted Tanager

Pipraeidea melanonota

Cissopis leverianus

Cinnamon Tanager

Schistochlamys ruficapillus

Plain-winged Woodcreeper

Dendrocincla turdina

Solitary Tinamou

Tinamus solitarius

Tataupa Tinamou

Crypturellus tataupa

White-faced Whistling Duck

Dendrocygna viduata

Cairina moschata

Amazonetta brasiliensis

White-cheeked Pintail

Anas bahamensis

Nomonyx dominicus

Nacunda Nighthawk

Chordeiles nacunda

Short-tailed Nighthawk

Lurocalis semitorquatus

Long-tailed Potoo

Nyctibius aethereus

Nyctibius griseus

Cypseloides fumigatus

Chaetura meridionalis

Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift

Panyptila cayennensis

Rufous-breasted Hermit

Glaucis hirsutus

Dusky-throated Hermit

Phaethornis squalidus

Phaethornis ruber

Scale-throated Hermit

Phaethornis eurynome

White-vented Violetear

Colibri serrirostris

Black-eared Fairy

Heliothryx auritus

Black-throated Mango

Anthracothorax nigricollis

Stripe-breasted Starthroat

Heliomaster squamosus

Amethyst Woodstar

Calliphlox amethystina

Glittering-throated Emerald

Chionomesa fimbriata

Sapphire-spangled Emerald

Chionomesa lactea

Rufous-throated Sapphire

Hylocharis sapphirina

Crotophaga major

Smooth-billed Ani

Pearly-breasted Cuckoo

Coccyzus euleri

Pale-vented Pigeon

Patagioenas cayennensis

Columbina squammata

Plain-breasted Ground Dove

Columbina minuta

Picui Ground Dove

Columbina picui

Blue Ground Dove

Claravis pretiosa

Ruddy Quail-Dove

Geotrygon montana

Grey-fronted Dove

Leptotila rufaxilla

Zenaida auriculata

Ash-throated Crake

Mustelirallus albicollis

Common Gallinule

Gallinula galeata

Purple Gallinule

Porphyrio martinica

Aramus guarauna

Tachybaptus dominicus

Semipalmated Plover

Charadrius semipalmatus

Gallinago undulata

Gallinago paraguaiae

Spotted Sandpiper

Actitis macularius

Greater Yellowlegs

Tringa melanoleuca

Grey-headed Gull

Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus

Larus dominicanus

Ciconia maguari

Magnificent Frigatebird

Fregata magnificens

Neotropic Cormorant

Nannopterum brasilianum

Roseate Spoonbill

Rufescent Tiger Heron

Tigrisoma lineatum

Yellow-crowned Night Heron

Nyctanassa violacea

Pilherodius pileatus

Little Blue Heron

Egretta caerulea

Sarcoramphus papa

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture

Cathartes burrovianus

White-tailed Kite

Elanus leucurus

Grey-headed Kite

Leptodon cayanensis

Sharp-shinned Hawk

Accipiter striatus

Ictinia plumbea

Geranospiza caerulescens

Buteogallus meridionalis

White-necked Hawk

Buteogallus lacernulatus

Buteogallus coronatus

White-rumped Hawk

Parabuteo leucorrhous

Pseudastur polionotus

Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle

Geranoaetus melanoleucus

Short-tailed Hawk

Buteo brachyurus

Athene cunicularia

Ferruginous Pygmy Owl

Glaucidium brasilianum

Tropical Screech Owl

Megascops choliba

Green-backed Trogon

Amazon Kingfisher

Chloroceryle amazona

Green Kingfisher

Chloroceryle americana

Ringed Kingfisher

Megaceryle torquata

Saffron Toucanet

Pteroglossus bailloni

White Woodpecker

Melanerpes candidus

Yellow-browed Woodpecker

Piculus aurulentus

Green-barred Woodpecker

Colaptes melanochloros

Colaptes campestris

Laughing Falcon

Herpetotheres cachinnans

Falco rufigularis

Peregrine Falcon

Falco peregrinus

Brown-backed Parrotlet

Touit melanonotus

Golden-tailed Parrotlet

Myiopsitta monachus

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet

Brotogeris chiriri

Pileated Parrot

Pionopsitta pileata

Blue-bellied Parrot

Triclaria malachitacea

Orange-winged Amazon

Amazona amazonica

Cobalt-rumped Parrotlet

Forpus xanthopterygius

Peach-fronted Parakeet

Eupsittula aurea

Golden-capped Parakeet

Aratinga auricapillus

Planalto Woodcreeper

Dendrocolaptes platyrostris

Narrow-billed Woodcreeper

Lepidocolaptes angustirostris

Band-tailed Hornero

Furnarius figulus

White-browed Foliage-gleaner

Anabacerthia amaurotis

Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner

Anabacerthia lichtensteini

Orange-breasted Thornbird

Phacellodomus ferrugineigula

Yellow-chinned Spinetail

Certhiaxis cinnamomeus

Grey-bellied Spinetail

Synallaxis cinerascens

Sooty-fronted Spinetail

Synallaxis frontalis

Salvadori's Antwren

Myrmotherula minor

Unicolored Antwren

Myrmotherula unicolor

Rufous-margined Antwren

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus

Sooretama Slaty Antshrike

Thamnophilus ambiguus

Rufous-capped Antshrike

Thamnophilus ruficapillus

White-bearded Antshrike

Biatas nigropectus

Great Antshrike

Tufted Antshrike

Mackenziaena severa

Ochre-rumped Antbird

Drymophila ochropyga

Rio de Janeiro Antbird

Cercomacra brasiliana

Squamate Antbird

Myrmoderus squamosus

Short-tailed Antthrush

Chamaeza campanisona

Spotted Bamboowren

Psilorhamphus guttatus

Slaty Bristlefront

White-breasted Tapaculo

Eleoscytalopus indigoticus

Grey-capped Tyrannulet

Phyllomyias griseocapilla

Grey-headed Elaenia

Myiopagis caniceps

Yellow-bellied Elaenia

Elaenia flavogaster

Olivaceous Elaenia

Elaenia mesoleuca

White-crested Tyrannulet

Serpophaga subcristata

Oustalet's Tyrannulet

Phylloscartes oustaleti

Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant

Hemitriccus orbitatus

Hangnest Tody-Tyrant

Hemitriccus nidipendulus

Grey-crowned Flatbill

Tolmomyias poliocephalus

Ochre-lored Flatbill

Tolmomyias flaviventris

Russet-winged Spadebill

Platyrinchus leucoryphus

Yellow-browed Tyrant

Satrapa icterophrys

Crested Black Tyrant

Knipolegus lophotes

White-rumped Monjita

Streamer-tailed Tyrant

Gubernetes yetapa

White-headed Marsh Tyrant

Arundinicola leucocephala

Machetornis rixosa

Rusty-margined Flycatcher

Myiozetetes cayanensis

Fork-tailed Flycatcher

Tyrannus savana

Greyish Mourner

Rhytipterna simplex

Swainson's Flycatcher

Myiarchus swainsoni

Short-crested Flycatcher

Myiarchus ferox

Red-ruffed Fruitcrow

Pyroderus scutatus

Grey-winged Cotinga

Lipaugus conditus

White-bearded Manakin

Manacus manacus

White-crowned Manakin

Pseudopipra pipra

Brown-winged Schiffornis

Schiffornis turdina

Greenish Schiffornis

Schiffornis virescens

Brazilian Laniisoma

Laniisoma elegans

White-winged Becard

Pachyramphus polychopterus

Black-tailed Myiobius

Myiobius atricaudus

Grey-eyed Greenlet

Hylophilus amaurocephalus

White-rumped Swallow

Tachycineta leucorrhoa

White-winged Swallow

Tachycineta albiventer

Brown-chested Martin

Grey-breasted Martin

Progne chalybea

Blue-and-white Swallow

Pygochelidon cyanoleuca

Black-capped Donacobius

Donacobius atricapilla

Moustached Wren

Pheugopedius genibarbis

Trilling Gnatwren

Ramphocaenus melanurus

Tropical Mockingbird

Blacksmith Thrush

Turdus subalaris

Estrilda astrild

Yellowish Pipit

Spinus magellanicus

Green-chinned Euphonia

Euphonia chalybea

Grassland Sparrow

Ammodramus humeralis

White-browed Meadowlark

Leistes superciliaris

Golden-winged Cacique

Cacicus chrysopterus

Icterus jamacaii

Molothrus oryzivorus

Chestnut-capped Blackbird

Chrysomus ruficapillus

Southern Yellowthroat

Geothlypis velata

Blackish-blue Seedeater

Amaurospiza moesta

Ultramarine Grosbeak

Cyanoloxia brissonii

Orchesticus abeillei

Green Honeycreeper

Chlorophanes spiza

Swallow Tanager

Tersina viridis

Black-legged Dacnis

Dacnis nigripes

Black-throated Grosbeak

Saltator fuliginosus

Sooty Grassquit

Asemospiza fuliginosa

Grey Pileated Finch

Coryphospingus pileatus

Lined Seedeater

Sporophila lineola

Temminck's Seedeater

Sporophila falcirostris

Buffy-fronted Seedeater

Sporophila frontalis

Rusty-collared Seedeater

Sporophila collaris

Grassland Yellow Finch

Sicalis luteola

Haplospiza unicolor

Black-backed Tanager

Stilpnia peruviana

White-bellied Tanager

Tangara brasiliensis

Crypturellus soui

Small-billed Tinamou

Crypturellus parvirostris

White-tailed Goldenthroat

Polytmus guainumbi

Pardirallus nigricans

Whistling Heron

Syrigma sibilatrix

Rostrhamus sociabilis

American Barn Owl

Black-banded Owl

Red-legged Seriema

Cariama cristata

Pale-breasted Spinetail

Synallaxis albescens

Rufous-tailed Attila

Attila phoenicurus

Tawny-headed Swallow

Alopochelidon fucata

Wedge-tailed Grass Finch

Emberizoides herbicola

White-bellied Seedeater

Sporophila leucoptera

Red-cowled Cardinal

Paroaria dominicana

Brazilian Squirrel

Sciurus brasiliensis

Black-tufted-ear Marmoset

Callithrix penicillata

Southern Black-eared Opossum

Didelphis aurita

Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth

Bradypus variegatus

Paraguayan Hairy Dwarf Porcupine

Coendou spinosus

South American Coati

Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset

Callithrix aurita

Southern Four-eyed Opossum

Philander quica

Furipterus horrens

Golden Lion Tamarin

Leontopithecus rosalia

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