Orang National Park

National Park · India

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Photo © Nejib Ahmed

Photo © Nejib Ahmed — CC BY-SA 4.0 — Source: Wikimedia Commons

Where the Brahmaputra's floodplains meet the foothills of Assam, Orang National Park unfolds across a mosaic of riverine grasslands, forests and wetlands that pulse with the rhythms of monsoon and migration. The park's landscape is shaped by seasonal inundation, creating a dynamic patchwork of tall elephant grass, sal and mixed deciduous woodland interspersed with oxbow lakes and sandy spits that emerge each winter. This interplay of water and land supports a rich tapestry of wildlife adapted to the floodplain economy: herds of large ungulates and smaller hoofed mammals move through the grasslands, while birds of prey quarter the open country and waterside habitats. Wetland specialists—waders, diving ducks and storks—congregate around the park's wetlands during seasonal peaks, and the deeper forests harbour small terrestrial mammals and a wealth of woodland songbirds. The Brahmaputra itself remains a living artery, its banks and islands integral to the park's ecology.

For wildlife photographers and birdwatchers, Orang presents an intimate alternative to Assam's larger reserves, where accessibility and concentration of activity often exceed expectations. The open grassland structure delivers excellent sightlines for observing large mammals and tracking birds of prey across clean skies. Winter months bring the year's richest concentrations of migratory waterfowl and waders, while the pre-monsoon season rewards early risers with active songbird choruses in the woodland edge. The dry season—November through March—remains the ideal window, when water levels expose productive mudflats and grazing mammals congregate near remaining pools. Park infrastructure supports both guided jeep safaris and boat excursions along the Brahmaputra, offering complementary vantage points on the park's terrestrial and riverine communities. The light during winter dawn can be exceptional, casting warm gold across mist-laden grasslands where wildlife congregates.

Bengal Florican

Houbaropsis bengalensis

Lesser Adjutant

Leptoptilos javanicus

Acridotheres tristis

Northern Pintail

Eurasian Wigeon

Mareca penelope

Indochinese Roller

Coracias affinis

Anastomus oscitans

Greater Adjutant

Leptoptilos dubius

Red-vented Bulbul

Pycnonotus cafer

Spilopelia chinensis

Indian Pied Myna

Gracupica contra

Oriental Magpie-Robin

Copsychus saularis

Acridotheres fuscus

Oriental Darter

Anhinga melanogaster

Grey-headed Fish Eagle

Icthyophaga ichthyaetus

Grey-headed Lapwing

Vanellus cinereus

Siberian Stonechat

Saxicola maurus

Red-wattled Lapwing

Vanellus indicus

Pandion haliaetus

Crested Serpent Eagle

Spilornis cheela

Black-crested Bulbul

Rubigula flaviventris

Blue-throated Barbet

Psilopogon asiaticus

Northern Lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

Common Greenshank

Tringa nebularia

Oriental Pied Hornbill

Anthracoceros albirostris

Wreathed Hornbill

Rhyticeros undulatus

Lanius cristatus

Crimson Sunbird

Aethopyga siparaja

Mareca strepera

Common Hawk-Cuckoo

Hierococcyx varius

Changeable Hawk-Eagle

Nisaetus cirrhatus

Asian Barred Owlet

Glaucidium cuculoides

Pied Kingfisher

Common Hill Myna

Gracula religiosa

Acridotheres grandis

Cinnyris asiaticus

Ploceus philippinus

Indian Spot-billed Duck

Anas poecilorhyncha

Red Collared Dove

Streptopelia tranquebarica

Green Imperial Pigeon

Green Sandpiper

Tringa ochropus

Pallas's Fish Eagle

Haliaeetus leucoryphus

Aegithina tiphia

Asian Fairy-bluebird

Chestnut-tailed Starling

Sturnia malabarica

White-rumped Shama

Copsychus malabaricus

Grey-headed Swamphen

Porphyrio poliocephalus

Vanellus duvaucelii

Pheasant-tailed Jacana

Hydrophasianus chirurgus

Great Cormorant

Phalacrocorax carbo

Plegadis falcinellus

Falco tinnunculus

Peregrine Falcon

Falco peregrinus

Red-breasted Parakeet

Psittacula alexandri

Alexandrine Parakeet

Psittacula eupatria

Western Hooded Pitta

Ashy Woodswallow

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus

Striated Grassbird

Megalurus palustris

Prinia inornata

Pin-striped Tit-Babbler

Mixornis gularis

Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker

Dicaeum cruentatum

Fulvous Whistling Duck

Dendrocygna bicolor

Swamp Francolin

Ortygornis gularis

Centropus sinensis

Green-billed Malkoha

Phaenicophaeus tristis

Tringa glareola

Spotted Redshank

Tringa erythropus

Tadorna ferruginea

Black-necked Stork

Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus

Black-rumped Flameback

Dinopium benghalense

Northern Shoveler

Spatula clypeata

Lesser Whistling Duck

Dendrocygna javanica

Yellow-footed Green Pigeon

Treron phoenicopterus

White-throated Kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis

White-breasted Waterhen

Amaurornis phoenicurus

Indian Pond Heron

Lineated Barbet

Psilopogon lineatus

Rose-ringed Parakeet

Psittacula krameri

Grey-backed Shrike

Lanius tephronotus

Citrine Wagtail

Motacilla citreola

Paddyfield Pipit

Anas platyrhynchos

Bronze-winged Jacana

Metopidius indicus

Dicrurus macrocercus

Eudynamys scolopaceus

Little Cormorant

Microcarbo niger

Egretta garzetta

Passer domesticus

Black-headed Ibis

Threskiornis melanocephalus

Black-winged Kite

Elanus caeruleus

Dendrocitta vagabunda

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius

Scaly-breasted Munia

Lonchura punctulata

Large-billed Crow

Corvus macrorhynchos

Dicrurus leucophaeus

Long-tailed Shrike

Hypsipetes leucocephalus

Common Kingfisher

Asian Palm Swift

Cypsiurus balasiensis

Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher

Culicicapa ceylonensis

Corvus splendens

Hair-crested Drongo

Dicrurus hottentottus

Indian White-eye

Zosterops palpebrosus

Greater Flameback

Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus

Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker

Dendrocopos macei

Coppersmith Barbet

Psilopogon haemacephalus

Zitting Cisticola

Cisticola juncidis

Ferruginous Duck

Bar-headed Goose

Aythya fuligula

Sterna aurantia

Chestnut-headed Bee-eater

Merops leschenaulti

Asian Green Bee-eater

Merops orientalis

Crested Honey Buzzard

Pernis ptilorhynchus

Taiga Flycatcher

Ficedula albicilla

Asian Woolly-necked Stork

Ciconia episcopus

Blue-tailed Bee-eater

Merops philippinus

Black-hooded Oriole

Oriolus xanthornus

Black-crowned Night Heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

Hirundo rustica

Cotton Pygmy Goose

Nettapus coromandelianus

Spatula querquedula

Eastern Spot-billed Duck

Anas zonorhyncha

Red-crested Pochard

Black Francolin

Francolinus francolinus

Large-tailed Nightjar

Caprimulgus macrurus

Apus nipalensis

Centropus bengalensis

Chestnut-winged Cuckoo

Clamator coromandus

Clamator jacobinus

Asian Emerald Cuckoo

Chrysococcyx maculatus

Banded Bay Cuckoo

Cacomantis sonneratii

Plaintive Cuckoo

Cacomantis merulinus

Large Hawk-Cuckoo

Hierococcyx sparverioides

Cuculus micropterus

Cuculus canorus

Oriental Turtle Dove

Streptopelia orientalis

Eurasian Collared Dove

Streptopelia decaocto

Common Emerald Dove

Chalcophaps indica

Ashy-headed Green Pigeon

Thick-billed Green Pigeon

Treron curvirostra

Pin-tailed Green Pigeon

Treron apicauda

Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon

Treron sphenurus

Gallinula chloropus

Ruddy-breasted Crake

Black-tailed Crake

Zapornia bicolor

Gallicrex cinerea

Tachybaptus ruficollis

Great Crested Grebe

Podiceps cristatus

Barred Buttonquail

Turnix suscitator

Great Stone-curlew

Esacus recurvirostris

Indian Stone-curlew

Burhinus indicus

Black-winged Stilt

Himantopus himantopus

Pacific Golden Plover

Pluvialis fulva

Anarhynchus alexandrinus

Greater Painted-snipe

Rostratula benghalensis

Gallinago gallinago

Common Sandpiper

Actitis hypoleucos

Marsh Sandpiper

Tringa stagnatilis

Common Redshank

Temminck's Stint

Calidris temminckii

Small Pratincole

Glareola lactea

Brown-headed Gull

Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus

Ardea intermedia

Spot-billed Pelican

Pelecanus philippensis

Aviceda leuphotes

Himalayan Vulture

Gyps himalayensis

Slender-billed Vulture

Gyps tenuirostris

Short-toed Snake Eagle

Circaetus gallicus

Indian Spotted Eagle

Greater Spotted Eagle

Hieraaetus pennatus

Aquila nipalensis

Eastern Imperial Eagle

Eurasian Sparrowhawk

Accipiter nisus

Circus melanoleucos

Long-legged Buzzard

Eastern Barn Owl

Ninox scutulata

Oriental Scops Owl

Collared Scops Owl

Ketupa zeylonensis

Stork-billed Kingfisher

Pelargopsis capensis

Blue-bearded Bee-eater

Nyctyornis athertoni

Psilopogon virens

Eurasian Wryneck

Speckled Piculet

Picumnus innominatus

Grey-capped Pygmy Woodpecker

Yungipicus canicapillus

Greater Yellownape

Chrysophlegma flavinucha

Lesser Yellownape

Picus chlorolophus

Grey-headed Woodpecker

Rufous Woodpecker

Micropternus brachyurus

Microhierax melanoleucos

Grey-lored Broadbill

Serilophus rubropygius

Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike

Hemipus picatus

Large Woodshrike

Tephrodornis virgatus

Common Woodshrike

Tephrodornis pondicerianus

Pericrocotus cinnamomeus

Long-tailed Minivet

Pericrocotus ethologus

Scarlet Minivet

Pericrocotus speciosus

Pericrocotus roseus

Oriental Cuckooshrike

Coracina javensis

Black-winged Cuckooshrike

Lalage melaschistos

Oriolus traillii

Black-naped Oriole

Oriolus chinensis

Dicrurus aeneus

Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo

Dicrurus remifer

Greater Racket-tailed Drongo

Dicrurus paradiseus

White-throated Fantail

Rhipidura albicollis

Black-naped Monarch

Hypothymis azurea

Blyth's Paradise Flycatcher

Terpsiphone affinis

Oriental Skylark

Alaudala raytal

White-throated Bulbul

Alophoixus flaveolus

Grey-throated Martin

Riparia chinensis

Riparia riparia

Yellow-browed Warbler

Phylloscopus inornatus

Tickell's Leaf Warbler

Phylloscopus affinis

Phylloscopus fuscatus

Greenish Warbler

Phylloscopus trochiloides

Yellow-vented Warbler

Phylloscopus cantator

Blyth's Leaf Warbler

Phylloscopus reguloides

Paddyfield Warbler

Acrocephalus agricola

Blyth's Reed Warbler

Acrocephalus dumetorum

Thick-billed Warbler

Arundinax aedon

Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler

Helopsaltes certhiola

Spotted Bush Warbler

Locustella thoracica

Bristled Grassbird

Schoenicola striatus

Golden-headed Cisticola

Cisticola exilis

Grey-breasted Prinia

Prinia hodgsonii

Delicate Prinia

Yellow-bellied Prinia

Prinia flaviventris

Prinia socialis

Yellow-eyed Babbler

Chrysomma sinense

Chestnut-capped Babbler

Timalia pileata

Puff-throated Babbler

Pellorneum ruficeps

Abbott's Babbler

Malacocincla abbotti

Slender-billed Babbler

Argya longirostris

Striated Babbler

Rufous-necked Laughingthrush

Pterorhinus ruficollis

Acridotheres ginginianus

Orange-headed Thrush

Geokichla citrina

Black-throated Thrush

Turdus atrogularis

Red-throated Thrush

Turdus ruficollis

Niltava macgrigoriae

Verditer Flycatcher

Eumyias thalassinus

Pale-chinned Flycatcher

Cyornis poliogenys

Luscinia svecica

Siberian Rubythroat

Calliope calliope

Blue Whistling Thrush

Myophonus caeruleus

Snowy-browed Flycatcher

Ficedula hyperythra

Little Pied Flycatcher

Ficedula westermanni

White-capped Redstart

Phoenicurus leucocephalus

Phoenicurus ochruros

Daurian Redstart

Phoenicurus auroreus

Saxicola ferreus

Golden-fronted Leafbird

Chloropsis aurifrons

Orange-bellied Leafbird

Chloropsis hardwickii

Plain Flowerpecker

Dicaeum minullum

Ruby-cheeked Sunbird

Chalcoparia singalensis

Little Spiderhunter

Arachnothera longirostra

Streaked Spiderhunter

Arachnothera magna

Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Passer montanus

Black-breasted Weaver

Ploceus benghalensis

Streaked Weaver

White-rumped Munia

Lonchura striata

Lonchura atricapilla

Amandava amandava

Dendronanthus indicus

Eastern Yellow Wagtail

Motacilla tschutschensis

Motacilla cinerea

Anthus godlewskii

Olive-backed Pipit

Anthus hodgsoni

Anthus roseatus

Black-faced Bunting

Emberiza spodocephala

Barred Cuckoo-Dove

Macropygia unchall

Butorides striata

Eastern Marsh Harrier

Circus spilonotus

Greater One-horned Rhinoceros

Rhinoceros unicornis

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